QuEra’s Aquila
By Yuval Boger, QuEra
Quantum computing is a topic of significant interest and investment, and while its full potential is yet to be realized, the question arises: Does quantum computing currently deliver value? This article attempts to answer this question by exploring the multifaceted value of quantum computing.
As of now, quantum computers have not yet achieved the ability to solve useful problems that are intractable for classical computers. There have, however, been demonstrations of so-called “quantum supremacy,” where quantum computers have solved problems that exceed the capabilities of classical computers, such as Google’s 2019 demonstration.
This and similar demonstrations do not solve practical problems but rather are milestones that showcase the potential of quantum technology and are stepping stones toward solving real-world problems. Therefore, if one defines value strictly as the ability to solve currently unsolvable problems, quantum computing’s value remains limited at this point.
The true promise of quantum computing lies in its ability to eventually solve certain problems that have significant industrial and scientific value. For instance, quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by accurately simulating molecular interactions. Companies in the pharmaceutical sector are already investing in quantum research, hoping to leverage these machines for drug development. Current demonstrations show simple molecules that can accurately be analyzed by classical methods, but the expectation is that quantum calculations will expand to truly useful molecular structures that are beyond the reach of classical computation.
Similarly, optimization problems that are central to logistics, finance, and manufacturing could see substantial improvements once quantum algorithms mature.
Building Competencies and Workforce
Despite current limitations, there is substantial value in preparing for a future where quantum computing becomes more practical and widespread. Companies are investing heavily in research and talent to be ready when quantum computing matures. Developing competencies in quantum algorithms, hybrid quantum-classical methods, and quantum programming languages is crucial, with educational institutions and companies investing in training programs to ensure a skilled workforce is ready as quantum computing matures.
Universities and online learning platforms are increasingly offering specialized courses and degree programs in quantum technologies. This educational push is helping bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application. Furthermore, partnerships between academia and industry are fostering an environment of collaboration, where students gain hands-on experience with quantum hardware and software.
Corporate investment in workforce development is increasing, with tech giants like JPMorgan dedicating significant resources to building quantum teams. In parallel, startups specializing in quantum software and algorithm development are part of a growing ecosystem laying the foundation for a future where quantum technologies can be effectively utilized in a wide range of applications.
Integration into HPC Centers
Another avenue where quantum computing is delivering value is through its integration into existing HPC centers. Combining classical and quantum resources is becoming a popular approach among researchers, enabling hybrid algorithms that leverage quantum computers for computationally intensive tasks while utilizing classical systems for others. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms offer promising approaches for solving complex problems in optimization, quantum system simulation, and machine learning. This integration is not about replacing classical HPC but augmenting it, allowing researchers to develop tools and methods that pave the way for future breakthroughs.
For HPC centers, integrating quantum systems represents a strategic investment in future-proofing their capabilities. This follows the historical precedent of integrating GPUs, which have now become a foundational part of HPC centers. HPC facilities are collaborating with quantum hardware providers to develop hybrid solutions that can tackle specific problems more efficiently. This trend is not limited to research institutions; industries like aerospace, automotive, and energy are also exploring how quantum computing can complement their existing HPC resources to solve complex problems.
Government Investments and the Strategic Importance of Quantum Computing
Governments worldwide are making substantial investments in quantum computing to ensure national security and maintain a competitive edge in the global economy. By funding research and development, governments aim to position themselves at the forefront of technological innovation. This strategy provides immediate value by fostering a strong research ecosystem and preparing for a future where quantum computing is pivotal.
Countries like the United States, China, and members of the European Union are leading the charge in quantum investments. The United States has launched the National Quantum Initiative Act, which aims to accelerate quantum research and development through partnerships between government agencies, academia, and industry. China has made similar moves, focusing on building quantum research centers and heavily funding quantum communication technologies. The European Union, through its Quantum Flagship program, has committed billions of euros to support quantum research and foster collaboration across its member states.
Government investments also support building a quantum-ready workforce by providing grants and funding that encourage educational institutions to expand their quantum programs, cultivating the next generation of quantum scientists and engineers. Furthermore, government-funded initiatives often focus on creating public-private partnerships, which help translate research breakthroughs into commercial applications, thus accelerating the overall development of the quantum ecosystem.
Broader Industry Engagement and Ecosystem Development
Beyond government and academic involvement, private industry is playing a role in the quantum ecosystem by exploring potential applications in areas such as finance, healthcare, logistics, and materials science. While quantum computing has yet to provide practical solutions in these sectors, ongoing investments are intended to prepare industries for a future where quantum capabilities can be leveraged effectively. Financial institutions, healthcare companies, and logistics providers are actively collaborating with quantum startups and tech giants to build expertise and explore early-stage use cases that could eventually provide a competitive edge.
Conclusion
While quantum computing has not yet reached the point where it can solve problems beyond the reach of classical computers, it offers significant value in other areas. Preparing for a quantum future through workforce development, integrating quantum technologies into HPC centers, and strategic government investments are all steps that provide value today. Furthermore, broader industry engagement and the growing quantum ecosystem are clear indicators that quantum computing is not just a theoretical pursuit but a field with tangible, long-term potential.
Yuval Boger is the Chief Commercial Officer at QuEra, a company working to commercialize quantum computing. In his career, Boger has served as CEO and CMO of frontier-tech companies in markets including quantum computing software, wireless power, and virtual reality. His “Superposition Guy’s Podcast” hosts CEOs and other thought leaders in quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum communications to discuss business and technical aspects that impact the quantum ecosystem.